Abstract

ABSTRACT As per the International Continence Society, Bladder Outlet Obstruction is defined as an obstruction during voiding resulting in a reduced flow rate and/or presence of increased post-void residual urine along with increased detrusor pressure. There is a wide variation in the reporting of this disorder leading to a prevalence ranging from 2 to 23% in the literature. Owing to diverse etiological factors and lack of uniformity in the diagnostic criteria of bladder outlet obstruction in females; the diagnosis remains perplexing. This article highlights the various etiological factors, diagnostic tools and management options for female bladder outlet obstruction with a brief note on recent advances in this field.